【original】

Road can be 1, very road 2; name can be named, very famous 3. No, the beginning of the name of heaven and earth; there, the mother of the name of all things 5. Therefore, there is often no desire to look at it; often, want to observe its 徼 (jiao: four sounds) 6. Both of them are the same as the same name. Mysterious and mysterious,

【Note】

1 Road: The entity and power that make up the universe.

2: Expressed in words.

3 often: Constantly unchanged.

4: The name of the road, cultural thoughts.

5: Expressed in words.

6徼(jiao: four sounds): Pass “窍”, the meaning of the trail.

7 Xuan: secluded and profound.

[translation]

Words that can be expressed in words are not eternal "Tao"; names that can be expressed in words are not eternal "names". No, it is the beginning of heaven and earth, and it is the root of all things. Therefore, we often observe the mystery of the heavens and the earth from "nothing"; often look for traces of everything from "having". Yes and no, just different names from the same source. Both presence and absence are profound and far-reaching. They are the general gates of all changes.

[Reading]

As the opening of the Tao Te Ching, only by correctly understanding the mystery of this chapter can we understand and grasp Laozi's ideology. Here, Lao Tzu has put forward the concept of "Tao" as the core of his philosophical thinking. The meaning of "Tao" is profound and profound. People can understand from the perspective of history, but also from the perspective of literature. They can also explore from the principles of aesthetics. They should also think from the dialectics of philosophy system...

[analysis]

This is the first chapter of the Tao Te Ching. In the opening name of this chapter: "The road is very good, very Tao." Initially revealed the true meaning of "Tao".

Tao is an important category of ancient Chinese philosophy. Laozi is the first thinker who proposes and interprets and demonstrates Tao as a philosophical category. As the core of Laozi's philosophy, Tao always runs through its ideological system. There have been many different opinions about the understanding and interpretation of Laozidao. Some believe that Tao is the spiritual body, the highest principle that exists independently from the material entity, and that Laozi's Taoism is objective idealism. Some believe that Tao is the uncorrupted unity of the universe in its original state, and that Laozi's Taoism is materialism. It is generally believed that the Tao is the origin of the universe and the law of the operation of all things. Chen Guying quoted Yang Xingshun's point of view in his book "Annotation and Review of Laozi" and summed up the basic characteristics of the Tao: First, the Tao is the natural law of matter, which rejects all gods and "Tianzhi". Second, the Tao will always exist. It is the natural nature of the perpetual material world. The Tao is infinite in time and space. Third, the Tao is the essence of all things, it appears through its own attributes (German). Without everything, the Tao does not exist. 4. In essence, Tao is the unity of the material foundation of the world, "qi" and its changing laws of nature. 5. The Tao is an inevitable inevitability in the material world, and everything is subordinate to the laws of the Tao. The Tao destroys everything that hinders oneself. 6. The basic law of the Tao is: Everything and all phenomena are in constant movement and change. In the process of change, everything and all phenomena are transformed into their own opposites. Seventh, all things and all phenomena are in a state of mutual connection, and this connection is accomplished through a unified road. Eight, the Tao is not perceived by our senses, but in logical thinking, it is identifiable. From the point of view of the heavens and the earth, the Tao existed in the vast universe before the creation of the heavens and the earth. After the creation of the earth, the Tao played its own role in everything, and it continued throughout the generation, growth, development, and demise of all things. The laws of nature exist objectively.

As soon as we mention it, we will inevitably imagine what it looks like in our minds. However, our imagination often has great limitations and subjectivity. The true Tao is not transferred by the subjective will of human beings. It is an objective existence. But it is invisible and invisible. It is called "the avenue is invisible." The way we make the road by subjective imagination is not the real way, it can only be called the name. The concept of "name" cannot be described by words and words. The limitation of language is more limited than the imagination. If you use language to describe the Tao, you can only go against the Tao. Can we not use words and words to describe the Tao, then how can we know the Tao? Given the limitations of the language and the meaning of the Tao, it can only be said, through the abstract concept, that is, "nothing" and "having" These two names come to the true face of a glimpse. The so-called no, refers to the chaotic state before the creation of the heavens and the earth, indicating that the heavens and the earth are born out of nothing. The so-called, is the meaning of existence, it represents a state that is gestating all things, is the birth of all things, that is, everything is produced from the birth.

Therefore, we can understand the Tao as a state of no existence, a power of oneness, and its originality is nothing, but it can give birth to everything in heaven and earth. For this reason, we can adopt a lack of attitude to recognize the mystery of the Tao. The originality of the Tao is empty. If we want to recognize the avenue, we must throw away all the distracting thoughts and return ourselves to the illiterate infanthood to reach a completely illusory realm. Only in this way can we truly understand the Tao. The mystery and mystery. Nothing is the two concepts we must grasp. They are the key to opening the door of "the door of all things." Only through them can we understand the essence of the Tao.

The so-called "often without" is an eternal no, or "big no"; correspondingly, "often" is an eternal, also called "great." Through this kind of selflessness, we can realize the "wonderfulness" of the birth of heaven and earth. Through this kind of inclusiveness, we can observe the "徼" before everything. Wonderful, according to the grouping method of Chinese characters, it can be divided into "less" and "female". The girl is not only in the age of youth, but also a symbol of innocence and purity. It is used in the Tao and can be understood as the beginning of heaven and earth. The original meaning of 徼 is the boundary. This is the meaning of the beginning and the clue. Here, whether it is often or not, it is just a description of a certain state in the Cosmic Avenue, and it is still at the level of concept, it is a name. Often there is no precedent and often there is, so the concept of "phase name" is different, but they are all born out of the avenue, are the development and change of the avenue, collectively referred to as "mysterious." Metaphysical is esoteric and incomprehensible and undetectable. "The avenue is invisible", the change is varied, and the change changes to form the "all the wonderful things" of the heavens and the earth, that is, Lao Tzu's so-called "the mysterious and mysterious, the door of the wonderful."

Looking back at the original text, we can easily find that the text focuses on such concepts: the concept of Tao, the concept of noun, the concept of incompatibility, the concept of magic and harmony, and the concept of mystery. These concepts are collectively referred to as “names”. In the words of Laozi’s “famous name, very famous name”, these concepts do not really reveal the true meaning of the debut. This is because “Tao Dao, very Tao”, any speech And the words can not reveal the true meaning of the debut. We learn and study these concepts in order to better understand the Tao, they can serve as a bridge to understanding.

[Classic interpretation]

In this chapter, Laozi focuses on his philosophical category - "Tao." What is the truth of the Tao, is its property materialistic or ideal? Ancient and modern Chinese and foreign scholars have been arguing over their arguments. Some people say that Lao Tzu’s words are based on the theory of the operation of all things in the world, and that materialism is based on materialism. Some people say that Laozi’s Tao is illusory, and the idealism that is separated from reality is the transcendence that he believes to exist on matter. The origin of all things. Han Feizi, who is not far from Laozi’s age, said in the "Resolution of the Old Man": "The Taoist, the universe is also the place. The reason of Wanli is also the text of the Taoist. The reason why all things are done." Therefore, the Japanese and the rationale are also." He divides the Tao and the object into two different existences, that is, "the Taoist, all things are also." At the same time, all things must follow the Tao, which is "the reason" The meaning of this, which indicates the dual attribute of Tao, is not to cover up another existence with one kind of existence like religious philosophy and idealism or materialistic philosophy, nor to reverse or obscure the relationship between the two beings, but to clear Clearly explain two kinds of existence, one is the thing, the other is the Tao, the Tao is the combination of matter and spirit, it is a kind of existence beyond the ordinary existence.

It can be said that this statement coincides with the "one yin and one yang saying" of the Book of Changes. In the Book of Changes, yin and yang are the origin of all things between heaven and earth, and the ultimate law of the operation of all things in the world. The yin and yang are mixed and born, and all things are old and sick, and the rise and fall of the eternal and dying are all following the road of yin and yang.

"Huainanzi" said: "...the road can be weak, it can be strong; it can be soft, it can be just; it can be yin, it can be yang; it can be ambiguous, it can be clear; it can wrap the heavens and the earth, it can be treated without the party..." The Taoist, covering the earth and carrying the earth, the four sides of the earth, the eight poles, the high and the incomparable, the unfathomable, wrapping the heavens and the earth, insulting the invisible.... The mountain is high, the depth is deep, the beast takes it, the bird uses it Flying, the sun and the moon are clear, the ephemeris is in the line, the lining is the tour, and the phoenix is the sacred." It is a clear statement that the Tao is the foundation of all things, and the Tao is the law of all things. It is endless and omnipresent.

Laozi’s "Tao" is an important source of Chinese traditional philosophy and traditional culture for two thousand years.

In today's society, many people are accustomed to the life of the metropolis, the lights are green, the traffic is busy, the mountains and the sea, the songs and dances are noisy, but under this bustling and radiant, it is difficult to conceal the huge emptiness of the human mind, and the spiritual repression and Embarrassed. The kind of biological nature of thinking about the nature of nature and the law of all things has never stopped. Freud's "Happy Principles" said that while civilization brought material benefits to mankind, it also brought extremely heavy repression to the human spirit. This is one of the great shortcomings of civilization. Faced with these pressures and spiritual and spiritual confusion, more people began to study the profound Chinese traditional culture. The Tao Te Ching is one of the most important sources of wisdom. People believe that the "dao" that Laozi said can guide the lost people to find their way home, guide the arrogant mind to restore calm, and let the lost people rekindle hope.

So, how should we understand in real life, how to follow the Tao? First of all, we should be awe-inspiring, fearing the nature that works in obedience to the Tao, fearing all things that exist reasonably between heaven and earth, calmly understanding the mysteries of the universe that cannot be said, and using the heart to feel everything in the world. Second, we must find in the colorful life. To some of the roads that you should stick to, don't give up your position because of the harsh environment, and do it in the meantime between the heavens and the earth; once again, we must keep the Tao and recognize that the Tao is not static, it With the changes in the external environment, subtle changes occur at any time. We should adjust our own positions and viewpoints in accordance with the changes in the life, keep pace with the times, adapt to the development of the world trend, and adjust our own mentality and behavior. Keep up with changes in the surrounding environment and not make yourself a “lost person”.

[philosophy extension]

The materialism, or the Tao, is back to the materialism and the idealism. It is hard to understand. But everything in the world is not chaotic, they all follow certain rules, and this is for sure. Therefore, everything has its own way, the heavens and the earth have a way, so it can last forever; the sun and the moon have a way, so it can rise constantly; the gentleman has a way, so he can walk around the world without being sleepy.

For us living in modern society, all aspects of life are "justified." From the old and the sick to the death, the food, the food and the living are all obeying all kinds of laws. The moral laws, rules and regulations, and even the various principles and bottom lines of the human heart stipulate how we can act and how to behave. Human beings have summed up and created these "the way of life" in the long-term civilization accumulation, and they must follow them all the time. Without these societies, they will become chaotic, organizations will fall into paralysis, and individuals will be lost and unknown. From. The sages and sages of ancient and modern China and foreign countries have put forward many ways of governing the country, the way of Qi family, and the way of self-cultivation, guiding humanity to continue to advance in the history of the country.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yin Guowen of the State of Chu was a person who insisted on the road in action. There was a person in his family who broke the law. He had arrested him. But I heard that Yin’s family was released. The text was found to confess to the court: “The establishment of the court is to rule the king’s law. People, those who are upright hold the law, soft but not yielding, but they are not convinced, but now they are breaking the law and letting the prisoners go. This is a judge but it is unfair and has a private mind. This does not mean that I have a party. What do you mean, how can you violate the law? I have such a high position to give the officials and the people a good example. Some people and officials have complaints, and I am not immune to the law. Now my family is breaking the law. If you let him go for my sake, then my injustice will be manifested in the country. I have mastered the fate of a country and let others hear that I am selfish. This is contrary to the morality that I insist on. It is better to die. So he handed his family to the court and said: "I will die if I am not convicted.

"Ting Li had no choice but to convict the man. Chu Wang heard that, when he was too late to put on his shoes, he ran to the Ziwen family and said: "I am young, law enforcement officials have arranged the wrong person, and you are wronged. "Therefore, the ruling of the court, and raising the status of the sub-text, let him manage the internal affairs. After the people of the country heard about it, they said: "Let Yin be so fair, what else can we worry about?" "Because of consciousness, consciousness comes from faith. What kind of avenue you stick to in your heart determines what kind of things you will do and determines what kind of person you will become. The right "dao" casts greatness." Personality, the wrong "Tao" leads to the wrong pursuit of life. Faith and persistence of the ancient and modern Chinese virtues, drawing on the great wisdom of the Chinese nation in various periods, overcoming paranoia and ignorance, and constantly striving to realize the "Chinese dream", this may be The Tao Te Ching can provide us with the most important revelation.